![]() ![]() The 2011–2020 decade warmed to an average 1.09 ☌ compared to the pre-industrial baseline (1850–1900). Multiple independent instrumental datasets show that the climate system is warming. Global surface temperature reconstruction over the last 2000 years using proxy data from tree rings, corals, and ice cores in blue. In 2019, Oxford Languages chose climate emergency as its word of the year, defining it as "a situation in which urgent action is required to reduce or halt climate change and avoid potentially irreversible environmental damage resulting from it". The policy editor-in-chief of The Guardian said they included this language in their editorial guidelines "to ensure that we are being scientifically precise, while also communicating clearly with readers on this very important issue". Various scientists, politicians and media figures have adopted the terms climate crisis or climate emergency to talk about climate change, and global heating instead of global warming. The two terms are often used interchangeably. Global warming usually refers to human-induced warming of the Earth system, whereas climate change can refer to natural or anthropogenic change. In the 2000s, the term climate change increased in popularity. Global warming became the most popular term after NASA climate scientist James Hansen used it in his 1988 testimony in the U.S. The former refers only to increased surface warming, the latter describes the full effect of greenhouse gases on the climate. In the 1980s, the terms global warming and climate change were popularised. Scientists then often used the term inadvertent climate modification to refer to the human impact on the climate.
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